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nextcloud-mcp-server/nextcloud_mcp_server/auth/token_verifier.py
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2025-10-22 06:21:16 +02:00

327 lines
11 KiB
Python

"""Token verification using Nextcloud OIDC userinfo endpoint."""
import logging
import time
from typing import Any
import httpx
import jwt
from jwt import PyJWKClient
from mcp.server.auth.provider import AccessToken, TokenVerifier
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class NextcloudTokenVerifier(TokenVerifier):
"""
Validates access tokens using JWT verification with JWKS or userinfo endpoint fallback.
This verifier supports both JWT and opaque tokens:
1. For JWT tokens: Verifies signature with JWKS and extracts scopes from payload
2. For opaque tokens: Falls back to userinfo endpoint validation
3. Caches successful responses to avoid repeated API calls/verifications
JWT validation provides:
- Faster validation (no HTTP call needed)
- Direct scope extraction from token payload
- Signature verification using JWKS
Userinfo fallback provides:
- Support for opaque tokens
- Backward compatibility
- Additional validation layer
"""
def __init__(
self,
nextcloud_host: str,
userinfo_uri: str,
jwks_uri: str | None = None,
issuer: str | None = None,
cache_ttl: int = 3600,
):
"""
Initialize the token verifier.
Args:
nextcloud_host: Base URL of the Nextcloud instance (e.g., https://cloud.example.com)
userinfo_uri: Full URL to the userinfo endpoint
jwks_uri: Full URL to the JWKS endpoint (for JWT verification)
issuer: Expected issuer claim value (for JWT verification)
cache_ttl: Time-to-live for cached tokens in seconds (default: 3600)
"""
self.nextcloud_host = nextcloud_host.rstrip("/")
self.userinfo_uri = userinfo_uri
self.jwks_uri = jwks_uri
self.issuer = issuer
self.cache_ttl = cache_ttl
# Cache: token -> (userinfo, expiry_timestamp)
self._token_cache: dict[str, tuple[dict[str, Any], float]] = {}
# HTTP client for userinfo requests
self._client = httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=10.0)
# PyJWKClient for JWT verification (lazy initialization)
self._jwks_client: PyJWKClient | None = None
if jwks_uri:
logger.info(f"JWT verification enabled with JWKS URI: {jwks_uri}")
self._jwks_client = PyJWKClient(jwks_uri, cache_keys=True)
async def verify_token(self, token: str) -> AccessToken | None:
"""
Verify a bearer token using JWT verification or userinfo endpoint.
This method:
1. Checks the cache first for recent validations
2. Attempts JWT verification if JWKS is configured and token looks like JWT
3. Falls back to userinfo endpoint for opaque tokens or JWT verification failures
4. Returns AccessToken with username and scopes
Args:
token: The bearer token to verify
Returns:
AccessToken if valid, None if invalid or expired
"""
# Check cache first
cached = self._get_cached_token(token)
if cached:
logger.debug("Token found in cache")
return cached
# Try JWT verification first if enabled and token looks like JWT
if self._jwks_client and self._is_jwt_format(token):
logger.debug("Attempting JWT verification...")
jwt_result = self._verify_jwt(token)
if jwt_result:
logger.info("Token validated via JWT verification")
return jwt_result
# Fall back to userinfo endpoint validation
logger.debug("Attempting userinfo endpoint validation...")
try:
return await self._verify_via_userinfo(token)
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"Token verification failed: {e}")
return None
def _is_jwt_format(self, token: str) -> bool:
"""
Check if token looks like a JWT (has 3 parts separated by dots).
Args:
token: The token to check
Returns:
True if token appears to be JWT format
"""
return "." in token and token.count(".") == 2
def _verify_jwt(self, token: str) -> AccessToken | None:
"""
Verify JWT token with signature validation using JWKS.
Args:
token: The JWT token to verify
Returns:
AccessToken if valid, None if invalid
"""
try:
# Get signing key from JWKS
signing_key = self._jwks_client.get_signing_key_from_jwt(token)
# Verify and decode JWT
payload = jwt.decode(
token,
signing_key.key,
algorithms=["RS256"],
issuer=self.issuer,
options={
"verify_signature": True,
"verify_exp": True,
"verify_iat": True,
"verify_iss": True if self.issuer else False,
"verify_aud": False, # Skip audience validation for Bearer tokens
},
)
logger.debug(f"JWT verified successfully for user: {payload.get('sub')}")
# Extract username (sub claim)
username = payload.get("sub")
if not username:
logger.error("No 'sub' claim found in JWT payload")
return None
# Extract scopes from scope claim (space-separated string)
scope_string = payload.get("scope", "")
scopes = scope_string.split() if scope_string else []
logger.debug(f"Extracted scopes from JWT: {scopes}")
# Extract expiration
exp = payload.get("exp")
if not exp:
logger.warning("No 'exp' claim in JWT, using default TTL")
exp = int(time.time() + self.cache_ttl)
# Cache the result
userinfo = {
"sub": username,
"scope": scope_string,
**{k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k not in ["sub", "scope"]},
}
self._token_cache[token] = (userinfo, exp)
return AccessToken(
token=token,
client_id=payload.get("client_id", ""),
scopes=scopes,
expires_at=exp,
resource=username, # Store username in resource field (RFC 8707)
)
except jwt.ExpiredSignatureError:
logger.info("JWT token has expired")
return None
except jwt.InvalidIssuerError as e:
logger.warning(f"JWT issuer validation failed: {e}")
return None
except jwt.InvalidTokenError as e:
logger.warning(f"JWT validation failed: {e}")
return None
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Unexpected error during JWT verification: {e}")
return None
async def _verify_via_userinfo(self, token: str) -> AccessToken | None:
"""
Validate token by calling the userinfo endpoint.
Args:
token: The bearer token to verify
Returns:
AccessToken if valid, None otherwise
"""
try:
response = await self._client.get(
self.userinfo_uri, headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}
)
if response.status_code == 200:
userinfo = response.json()
logger.debug(
f"Token validated successfully for user: {userinfo.get('sub')}"
)
# Cache the result
expiry = time.time() + self.cache_ttl
self._token_cache[token] = (userinfo, expiry)
# Create AccessToken with username in resource field (workaround for MCP SDK)
username = userinfo.get("sub") or userinfo.get("preferred_username")
if not username:
logger.error("No username found in userinfo response")
return None
return AccessToken(
token=token,
client_id="", # Not available from userinfo
scopes=self._extract_scopes(userinfo),
expires_at=int(expiry),
resource=username, # Store username in resource field (RFC 8707)
)
elif response.status_code in (400, 401, 403):
logger.info(f"Token validation failed: HTTP {response.status_code}")
return None
else:
logger.warning(
f"Unexpected response from userinfo: {response.status_code}"
)
return None
except httpx.TimeoutException:
logger.error("Timeout while validating token via userinfo endpoint")
return None
except httpx.RequestError as e:
logger.error(f"Network error while validating token: {e}")
return None
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Unexpected error during token validation: {e}")
return None
def _get_cached_token(self, token: str) -> AccessToken | None:
"""
Retrieve a token from cache if not expired.
Args:
token: The bearer token to look up
Returns:
AccessToken if cached and valid, None otherwise
"""
if token not in self._token_cache:
return None
userinfo, expiry = self._token_cache[token]
# Check if expired
if time.time() >= expiry:
logger.debug("Cached token expired, removing from cache")
del self._token_cache[token]
return None
# Return cached AccessToken
username = userinfo.get("sub") or userinfo.get("preferred_username")
return AccessToken(
token=token,
client_id="",
scopes=self._extract_scopes(userinfo),
expires_at=int(expiry),
resource=username,
)
def _extract_scopes(self, userinfo: dict[str, Any]) -> list[str]:
"""
Extract scopes from userinfo response.
Since the userinfo response doesn't include the original scopes,
we infer them from the claims present in the response.
Args:
userinfo: The userinfo response dictionary
Returns:
List of inferred scopes
"""
scopes = ["openid"] # Always present
if "email" in userinfo:
scopes.append("email")
if any(
key in userinfo for key in ["name", "given_name", "family_name", "picture"]
):
scopes.append("profile")
if "roles" in userinfo:
scopes.append("roles")
if "groups" in userinfo:
scopes.append("groups")
return scopes
def clear_cache(self):
"""Clear the token cache."""
self._token_cache.clear()
logger.debug("Token cache cleared")
async def close(self):
"""Cleanup resources."""
await self._client.aclose()
logger.debug("Token verifier closed")